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i GARDNER BARTON, JR., or wA'rERnoRD, NEW YORK.

FIRELENGINE.

Specification ofLetters Patent No. 3,707, datedAugu'st 16", 1844.

` To all womz't may concern y Be it knownthat I, GARDNER BARTON, J r.,

of `YVaterford,in thel county of Saratoga and State of New York, have Vinvented a new and useful Improvement in the Construction of Fire-Engines and thelr'Appendages; andI dohereby `declare that the followingis a full, clear, and` exact description of the construction and operation off` the same, reference beinghad to the annexed tion, in whichi Figure l is a perspective view. Fig. 2 1s a longitudinal elevatlon. y, Fig. 3 1s a trans verse section. F 1g. 4 1s a view or the lower drawings, making a part of thisspecica` view of a cylinder and tube B endwise. Fig.

. 6 is a valve. Fig. 7 is a top or upperside view of the tubes B B and the branched conductor L and M. 7 i

Figs. l, 2, 3, A is the base of the reservoir or tub.

B B are hollow tubes. GC are the arbors secured to the lower ends of the cylinders.

DDD D arethe caps over the ends of the arbors C, C. EE are the cylinders. F F are the guides on the cylinders. G G are the piston rods. I-I H are the slides on the lever or balance beam.` I I are the connecting pins. J is the balance arbor. K is the lever or balance beam. L is the receiving.

pipe with branches. M is the discharging pipe with branches. N is the air barrel. 0 is the discharging hose. X X are openings in the guides FF. Y Y are the binding screws.

Fig. 4, C is the arbor on the bottom of the cylinder. is the opening for a water passage through the arbor C. Q is the bottom of the cylinder. Y

7 Fig. 5, E is the cylinder. R` is the scallop in the under side of the cylinder head. G1 is the enduof the arbor soldered to the cyl1n-l der head. B is the end of the tube B over which the cylinder E isplaced.

Fig. 6 isa valve. Fig. 7, B B" are the hollow tubes under the cylinders. SS are the openings for water passages. VT T are the grooves to be lilled with packing around the openings S S. UU are the openings through the tubes B B over which valvesshownby Fig.` 6- are 7 to be placed. V V are the openings` in the ends of the branches of. the receiving plpeL.

L is thereceiving pipe with branches. pM. is

the discharging pipe with branches. W W are: the bolts to secure the pipes L and M to the tubes BB.

l 'llo enable others skilled in the art to-Inake i and` use my `invention I will proceed to describeits construction and operation.;

I construct the carriage and water reserlvoir in any of the known or convenient forms and in the reservoir or tulo I place `a pump constructed as follows: For an engine `1 designedjto be used by thirty-six men (and I such a one I intend here to describe) I make of brass or other strong. metal two tubes- B B .g about seventeen inches long, the diameters i of the hollows` or openings through them end of the cylinder and arbor. Fig. 5 1s a shouldbe` four inches on the upper side and near each of the ends are projections on which the caps D `D D D are litted and secured by screws these` serve to hold the arbors C C` in their places I nia-ke holes two and one half inchesin diameterone semif circle of which is in the undersides of the zcaps andthe other part is partly in the projections before named on the upper sidesof the tubes B B and. in the 'upper sides ofthe` `tubes' extending. longitudinally on` the tubes in the segment of a circle in such a manner that they form bearings for the arbors C C to rest upon openings S S Fig. 7 about nine linches long-` and' one'inch wide `should be .made through the upper sides of the tubes Y B B and directly` under the openings in the arbors@ C these openings are designed for water passages agroove about one' fourth of an inch wide and one eighth of an inch deep should be made on each side of the openings and transversely near the ends for the purpose of receiving a leather or other.packing` l 'l valves should be made of brass or other metal in the form shown in Fig. Gthe other `,ends of the tubes B B will receive` the branched ends `of the receiving. pipe L whichj is inlike manner supplied` with valves placedV over the openings Y. Y. to prevent the water `from returning into the tub or suctionhose. 'Ihe branching` pipe L Fig. 7 should be made of brass or somestrong metal andthe `be `about four' inches in diameter and the `ends of the branches must be made toenter into thelendsof thetubeSBf Belp to their hollow inside-for the water` courses should shoulders or up to the packing which is placed between the shoulders and the ends' branching pipes L and M are secured firmly in their placesby the bolts W WV passing through ears formed on the ends of the branches of the pipes. The arbors C C on the lower ends of the cylinders should be made of brass or other strongmetal about thirteen inches llong and two and one half inches in diameter. 1

The cylinders E E should be made of brass bronze or some strong metal about thirteen inches'high and nine inches in diameter on the insides the lower ends should be closed with heads of metal. I make scallops on the undersides of the heads in such a manner that the upper sides of the arbors C lC will be received and -itted on about one third of y their circumference an end view of one of these scallops may be seen at R Fig. 5 beneath which at C is an end View of one of lthe arbors resting above the tube B.

' arbor C may be seen at P in Fig. 4.

Theguides F F I make of wrought iron orv some strong metal extending from the bottom of the cylinders upward about thirty inches or above the connecting pins I I these guides should be about one half inch thick and about three inches wide. At the upper ends I make openings extending downward about thirteen inches long and one and one fourth inches wide these openings serve to receive the ends of the connectingpins I I which should be supplied with friction rollers nearly to fit into the openings before named in the guides FA F these openings are Y the cylinders.

shown in Fig. 1- at X X these guides should be secured to the cylindersv EE on the outsides in such way that the openings X X will be on a line parallel with the insides of The guides F F Vbefore described ywhen acted upon by the pins I I which are attached to the balance beam K by the slides Hl I-I will give a vibrating motion to the cylinders E E in such manner that the rpistons and piston rods will always be in direct lines parallel with the'v insides of the cylinders.

Thesegudes F F before described are H Hare slides made in any convenient' formand fitted to the lever or balance beam K. I would advise that these slides H H be madeof iron in the form of a flat band open on the lower side with ears descendingv below the underside of the lever or balance beam K. Pins may be inserted through the ears beneath the balance beam and secured by riveting a hole about one inch in diaml eter should be made through the ears be-V tween the pins before named and below the balance beam in which to place the connecting pins I I.

On the top side above the balance beam Y a set screw may be inserted which will serve to fasten the slide to the balance beam in every required place. Small indentures may be made in the upper side of the balance beam K to receive the end of the set or binding screws Y Y, before named. See Y, Y7

Figs. l and 2. These slides support the connecting pins I I and by means of securing them by t-he binding screws Y Y in different places on the balance beam longer or shorter motions of the pistons will be produced.

K is a lever or balance beam made of iron of any convenient length the thickness and width such that the lever will possess sufIicient strength and it should be secured firmly to the arbor J.

J is a balance arbor about two and one half inches in diameter and of any desired length supported by bearings above the reservoir or tub.

I would here observe that variation if desired may be made in the arbors C C in such a manner that the water willV be received intov the cylinders through openings in theY ends of the arbors C C and discharged through the same or through openings in the opposite ends and receiving and discharging yalves applied'in any convenient'manner 1n such case the diameters 0f the arbors C C must be enlarged t0 admit of suflicient openings for water passages. And I would further observe that when the water is introduced into and out of the cylinders through the opening P Fig. 4 the arbor C may be small in diameter` and the cylinders will vibrate with small friction.

The breaks or hand poles on which the men operate should be made always to move upward anddownward through the same lengt-h of space. Springs or cushions placed on the reservoir or tub will serve to determine the length of this motion.

It will be perceived that the construction of the engine is such that the engineer or other person operating it can easily enlarge or diminish the length of the motion of the pistons in the cylinders and adjust it as circumstances may require. This is performed by placing the slides H H nearer to or farther from the arbor J. When the slides H H are placed near to the arbor J and secured in their places by the binding screws Y Y the motions of the pistons will be short. For illustration I `will suppose a case where `it is desired to carry a large quantity of water from some fountain through a long hose in to theireservoir of a second engine stationed near the tire, then the engineer of the first engine stationed at the fountain will move `the slides H H outward from the arbor J and secure them by the binding screws Y Y to the balance beam K in such manner that the pistons will move nearly or quite the entire length of the cylinders when the balance beam K is made to operate with its full extent of motion. Now this extent of motion before named is far too great to be used by the engine stationed near the iire. The second engine or that which throws the water on to the ire will have the slides H H set nearer to the arbor J and the motion of the pistons diminished for the purpose of producing a stronger pressure which will be necessary for the purpose of throwing the water to a sufficient elevation. The engine being thus adjusted it will be perceived that if both are operated with the same number of motions there must be a surplusage or redundancy of water carried from the engine at the fountain to the engine stationed at the fire, which surplus maybe used by a third engine or with buckets or if a supply of water for one engine only is required then the first engine at the fountain may be operated with a slower motion which will be less fatiguing to the men.

I will now suppose a case where it is desired to throw a large quantity of water on to a iire at no great elevation. Set the slides H H on the lever K outward from the arbor J so as to produce large motion on the pistons and use a large discharge pipe. And in a case where it is desirable to throw a smaller quantity of water to a large elevation or on to the top of some high edifice then a smaller discharge pipe should be used and the slides H H should be set nearer to the arborv J and the object desired will be easily effected and by such means when a fire originates in the roof of a high building a few persons without waiting for the arrival of more force will be able to throw a small stream on to it which is sometimes an object of much importance.

The advantages obtained by using vibrating cylinders instead of those which are stationary may be thus considered first by their use an engine can be easily constructed of a variable capacity. Second the action of the piston is always in a direct line parallel with the insides of the cylinders there being no lateral or sideways pressure of the pistons on the inside of thecylinders which can not be avoided on stationary cyl-` inders operated or by a lever or break beam. Third the piston can be taken out and repacked more readily as there are: no guides or parts `over it to be removed.

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is l. The combination and arrangement of the cylinders E E with the guides FF at` tachedv and their agreement with the slides H H by means of which the capacity of the engine may be enlarged o-r diminished at pleasure. y

2. I do not claim the invention of vibrating cylinders but I do cla-im the invention .of-the application of the vibrating cylin- 

